DNS Request:
A browser sends a DNS request to a DNS server to resolve the domain name "www.google.com" into an IP address.
TCP/IP Communication:
Once the DNS server responds with the IP address, the browser establishes a TCP connection with the server at that IP address.
Firewall:
The firewall checks the incoming connection request to ensure it's safe and allowed based on configured rules.
HTTPS/SSL:
HTTPS(Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) is used, an SSL(Secure Sockets Layer) handshake occurs between the browser and the server to establish a secure, encrypted connection.
Load Balancer:
In a large-scale setup like Google's, incoming requests often go through a load balancer. This device distributes incoming network traffic across multiple servers to ensure efficient use of resources and improved performance.
Web Server:
The load balancer directs your request to one of Google's web servers. The web server processes the HTTP request, retrieves the requested webpage (in this case, the Google homepage), and generates an HTTP response.
Application Server:
For dynamic content or specific functionalities (like search queries on Google), the web server may interact with an application server. The application server runs the necessary scripts or processes to generate dynamic content.
Database:
If the request requires data from a database (e.g., search results from Google's index), the application server communicates with the database server to fetch the required information.
Overall, this sequence of events involves multiple layers of technology working together to deliver the requested webpage securely and efficiently.
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